Saturday, April 21, 2012

                       INTRODUCTION

     India has been a land of great scientists and mathematicians since time immemorial who have given the world their valuable knowledge in the fields of science, technology and mathematics. Their inventions and discoveries have proved a boon for all of us. They have transformed our lifestyle to such an extent that now we cannot even think of living such a comfortable, contended and comfortable life which we are enjoying today.

From C.V.Raman to A.P.J. Abdul Kalam,the talent of Indian scientists and inventors have been fully established in many different areas, including physics, medicine, mathematics, chemistry, astronomy,etc. They have contributed a lot in utilizing the country's potential. The greatest contribution of all times of India to the world is the notion of 'zero'  by Aryabhatta. C.V. Raman has given the world his 'Raman Effect' for which he was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics. Homi J. Bhabha is best known as the chief architect of the Indian 'atomic energy program'. Subrahamanyan Chandrasekhar is another great astrophysicist known for his research on the evolutionary stages of massive stars. Jagdish Chandra Bose was aphysicist,biologist and an archaelogist who pioneered the investigation of 'radio and microwave optics'. Nagarjuna, Charaka and Sushruta had done considerable research during their times in medicines.

All the Indian minds were so great that they have controlled the young generations' minds firmly and have left a remarkable mark  in our lives by their deeds.                                      

Why India was called Bhaarata Desam?

Most of the people of the present generation think that India was named after emperor Bharata. This interpretation is probably not very old, may be some hundreds of years. Is there any other land in the world which is named after a male? Religions of all lands treat the earth as a female, the mother goddess. Before the spread of Christianity, all countries in Europe were named after the local mother goddesses. The same is true for all other lands in the world. Among all countries in the world, India has inherited the largest number of ancient manuscripts from time immemorial. They were written on the widest range of subjects known to humans. Indians were the originators of all higher knowledge in the ancient times. What is impossible for our Maharshis of yore? A Telugu poet wrote the following line: “Pogadaraa nee thalli bhoomi Bhaarathini” – praise your mother land Bhaarati! India was named after Bhaarati (Saraswati), the goddess of knowledge. No other ancient civilization of the world could claim this coveted title. The world’s oldest educational institutions were located in India, and scholars from China and Europe used to come here for learning. 

 But we are psychosomatic beings. The mind is in-separable from the body. 
Hence, is there anything in the bodies of Indians which shows the blessings of goddess Bhaarati? Yes.
During the second word war, the British military doctors who conducted autopsy on the dead found that
the pineal gland of the Indians is much larger than that in the British. The pineal gland is the third eye.
It is the seat of higher knowledge according to the esoteric teachings in medieval Europe. Sanskrit texts
on Yoga and Tantra also say the same thing.


Why then are we not able to use our own ancient knowledge?
 It is a law of nature that everything in creation must go through cycles of time. The period of light must be followed by a period of darkness, and the period of wakefulness must be followed by a period of sleep. And the period of happiness must by followed by a period of sorrow; otherwise, the human mind will not give the due value to happiness. After a period of sorrow, the happiness that comes next will be much more heartening. Hence, according to that law, the higher psyche of Indians is at sleep now. Will it wake up in the near future? Can we see it during our own life time? Yes. Some astrologers,both Indian and Western, have predicted that India will awaken to a part of its prestigious glory in about two decades from now. One visioner wrote:

“(In India), good character and culture will be inculcated in all spheres of life. …. Due to the scientific progress achieved by India and her increased amity with America, Indian society will shed its degenerate culture and become progressive. By 2020, Indian society would have significantly expanded its thinking. …. Spiritual books, originating from India, will become extremely popular and command a global audience. From 2010, winds of spiritualism will blow across the entire world, awakening more and more people in its wake. Where limits of (modern) science end, spiritualism begins. …. Along with scientific progress, intellectuals will start recognizing the importance of spiritualism. …. From 2050, a new era will begin….” 

They are the invaluable assets given by our ancestors. They will definitely help India to rise.

MANY QUESTIONS ARISE, WHEN WE CONSIDER INDIA AS MAIN SOURCE OF KNOWELDGE AND THROUGH THIS BLOG WE ARE ABLE TO ANSWER THEM

There were many inventions in the field of science and technology in ancient India. Since many persons of the present generation does not know them, they will be described briefly to enable the readers to have the basic understanding about them.

  1. Who invented Calculus? 
  2. who invented numbers?
  3. Who invented Nuclear Physics?
  4. Who were the first to calculate the velocity of light?
  5. Who invented weaving?
  6. Who invented the guns?
  7. Who invented the ships?
  8. Who invented steel?
  9. Who invented the aircraft?
  10. Who invented powder metallurgy?
  11. Who invented nuclear weapons?
  12. Who invented plastic surgery?
  13. Who discovered Irrigation Engineering?
  14. Who were the first to postulate the infinity of the universe and the plurality of inhabited worlds like the earth?



Who invented Calculus?


 The western books say that Newton invented Calculus. You can see the Sanskrit mathematics texts by Arya Bhatta and Bhaskaracharya which were written many centuries before Newton that they contain Calculus.

who invented numbers? 
The Indians. The ancient Romans did not know the number zero. Ancient Indians knew very large numbers like Mahogham (1 followed by 62 zeros) and the corresponding smaller decimal fractions. Paavuloori Mallana of 12th century wrote Ganitha Sastram in Telugu. One poem in the book starts like this:


“Sara sasi shatka chandra sara saayaka ….”


The meaning appears to be a poetic description of nature. It deals with a methematical problem. One grain is placed in the first square of the chess board. Double of that number, are placed in the second square, and so on. How many grains have to be placed in the last square? The poem gives the answer as 18446744073709551614 which is equal to 2 to the power 63.



Who invented Nuclear Physics?

Buddhist teacher Pakudha Katyayana taught atomic theory. Maharshi Kanaada of 3rd century, B.C. wrote atomic theory in Vaiseshika Sutras. Agni Purana gives smaller magnitudes. The smallest of them is called Paramaanu which nearly equals one billionth part of a meter. This value tallies with the size of an organic
molecule calculated by the western scientists. According to the Upanishads, the five elements of the nature are Earth, Water, Air, Fire and Akasa. (The ancient Greek or Roman philosophers did not know Akasa). One can easily guess that the 
Earth represents the solid state,
 Water the liquid state and
 Air the gaseous state
The Fire is the plasma, the fourth state of matter. Western science has not recognized nuclear state as a state of matter, even though some nuclear particles are stable;
Akasa means nuclear state. 

In the ancient Sanskrit text named Anu Sidhdhantam, Maharshi Goutama described three models of micro-scopes through which atoms and electrons can be seen.


Who were the first to calculate the velocity of light?

The Rig Veda Bhashyam by Sayana Madhava gives the following Sloka praising the Sun:
Yojanam sahasre dve, satadve, dvecha yojane Ekena nimeshardhena kramamaana namosthuthe 



One Yojana equals 15788.8 meters, and half of Nimesha equals 8/75 fraction of a second. This gives the velocity of light as 325940 km/s. We have to remember here that the above value is an approximate one intended for easy remembrance

Having discovered so many things, it is only logical to expect that our ancestors must have used light as the standard for length measurements; 


Who invented weaving?

Many experts agree that primitive gins and spinning wheels originated in India. The earliest samples of cotton fabric were found in the excavations of the Indus Valley. Samples of the most ancient mordant dyeing technique for cotton fabrics, Kalamkari, were also found there. The Kalamkari technique was perfected in South India and the traditional method continues till date. The Puranas describe spinning and weaving that match the modern concept of an industry. The weaving industry involved specialized factories working in association with domestic industries and paid at piece rates. The fibers used for spinning and the fabrics produced were of the most varied types, unparalleled in any other country during that period. Indians were exceptional for their skills in spinning and weaving which have not been surpassed by peoples of other lands even in historic past. Pliny’s Natural History informs that India exported to Rome large quantities of sheep wool, woolen fabrics, colored carpets, silks, cotton clothes, and fabrics ranging from coarse canvas to textiles of the finest texture. Ancient Indians had the reputation of making the thinnest saree that could pass through a finger ring. During the reign of Julius Caesar, the Roman Emperor, the British did not know weaving and lived naked.



Who invented the guns?


Some people in medieval Europe heard of powerful fire weapons of the India. Marco Polo (in 13th century) was financed by the king of his country with the specific purpose of finding the secret of the Indian fire weapons. Marco Polo was given gold coins and precious
stones. He also brought some prostitutes to woo people.He first tried to find the secret in the Punjab region. They pointed a gun at him saying ” Get out of our country. Else, we will shoot you with this
very gun”. He then came to south India and tried for the secret. The south Indians were more tolerant. They told him that the secret is not known to the public.The engineers who made the guns reside in the king’s fort generations. The guns were kept in the armory and
the public might not have even seen a gun. The guns were brought out only at the time of emergency like a war. A few persons gave hint to Marco Polo that the knowledge of making gun powder was given to the Chinese when some Indians visited them in ancient times. Then Marco Polo went to China, but he could not find any
guns there. The gun powder was used there for making some festival fire crackers and rockets. He took samples of the gun powder and returned to Europe. We know that the gun powder consists of niter, sulphur and charcoal powder. Natural niter was scarce in Europe,
and what they could get from other lands was not that pure. The world’s purest niter in its natural state is available in the mines of India. The other problems faced by the Europeans in making the guns are lack of good metallic alloys to make the bodies of the guns and the non-availability of good machine tools for making them. Manufacture of the guns fell into temporaryoblivion because most of them back-fired or exploded.
How did the British conquer India? Not with their guns.The first war between the Indians and the British took place at Mysore during reign of Hyder Ali. The casualties on the British side was 90 percent and those on the Indian side was 10 percent. The British realized
that their weapons were inferior to those used by the Indians. The Indians had rockets and missiles besides guns and cannons.
What is a Sathagni? Most of us think that it is cannon. Satha means 100 and Agni means fire; it is a missile containing 100 bullets. It is launched from a cannon. It explodes after reaching its destination. Sanskrit manuscripts like Sukra Neethi Sastra contain many formulas for making gun powder. The first item exported by the then British East India company was Indian niter.

 Eliot tells us that the Arabs learnt the manufacture of gunpowder from India, and that before their Indian connection they had used arrows of naptha. It is also argued that though Persia possessed saltpetre in abundance, the original home of gunpowder was India. In the light of the above remarks we can trace the evolution of fire-arms in the ancient India.


Who invented the ships?

Which country has the trees that provide the hardest wood? India. The Sanskrit name for deodar tree was Deva Tharu, the tree that gives the best wood; it is native to India. Other hard woods like
teak and mahogany are also native to India.
J. Ovington, Chaplain to the British King, the seventeenth-century English traveler, who visited Surat, wrote a book “A Voyage to Surat in the Year 1689″. He was impressed by the skill of the Indians in ship-building and found that they even outshone Europeans. The timber used by the Indians was so strong that it would not ‘crack’ even by the force of a bullet so he urged the English to use that timber ‘to help them in war’. Indian Teak stood firmer than the English Oak, remarked Ovington.
The Harivamsa informs that the first geographical survey of the world was performed during the period of Vaivasvata. The towns, villages and demarcation of agricultural land of that period were
depicted on maps. Brahmanda Purana provides the best and the most detailed description of world map drawn on a flat surface using an accurate scale.
The second item exported by the  British EastIndia Company was Indian ship. A few of these ships are still in service, and are used for training cadets of the British Navy. During World War II, Maharajas of India have lent some hundreds of their ships to the
British for use as hospital ships.

Who invented steel?

The Rig Veda mentions “wootz” steel. Evidence for the manufacture of steel in ancient times is available in South India. The Arabians used to make a lot of money by selling Indian steel ingots to Europe. 
Another Indian contribution to industries in Europe was the process of casting. The frames of machine tools of that time were made of wood. Good mechanical devices like clocks did exist in Britain as early as 1300s. They were works of skilled crafts persons and were not products of precision machine tools. It was not until the structures of the machine tools were cast using Indian casting method and their other components were made of hard metals using Indian steel making method, the high precision machine tools could be made. The so called Industrial Revolution of Europe in the 1800s heavily depended on this

Who invented the aircraft?


India had many ancient Sanskrit texts on aeronautics. The Yantra Sarvaswa of Maharshi Bharadwaja, Vimaana Chandrika of Maharshi Narayan, Vyoma Yaana Tantra of Sounaka, and Vyoma Yaanarka of Dandi Natha are some of them. They contained topics like Maargadhi Karana (Navigation and control of speed during flight),
Lohaadhi Karana (alloys used for various components of the aircraft) and Saktyaadhi Karana (production and usage of various fuels used in aircrafts). Para Sabda Grahakata is a subject of monitoring the flight tracks of aircrafts, navigatory communication system, and monitoring the conversation of the pilots in the aircrafts. Maharshi Gouthama mentioned 32 models of aircrafts used in Treta Yuga; only one model among them, called Pushpaka Vimaanam, became popular in the Ramayana. The Vaimaanika Sastra describes Tripura Vimaanam that uses solar powered engine to travel at three levels – on the land, under the surface of water, and in the air. Sakuna Vimaanam is a cross between an aircraft and a rocket – a space shuttle. The British have robbed most of our Sanskrit manuscripts during their rule in India. 

Who invented powder metallurgy?

The Indians. The iron pillar in Delhi which does not get rust even today is the proof for it. It is not the only one of its kind; there are many more scattered through out in India. The Russians who took scrapings from the pillar confirmed that it is made using powder
metallurgy technology. The so called space-age technology of today can make only small pieces using powder metallurgy; they are generally used as tips in cutting tools. How could our ancients make such a big pillar using powder metallurgy? The pillar is like a time capsule – it is challenging the world. 

Who invented nuclear weapons? 

“The Mahabharata – an ancient Indian epic compiled 3000 years ago – contains a reference to a terrible weapon. ‘…. a blazing shaft possessed of the effulgence of a smokeless fire (was) let off…’. That was how this weapon was perceived. The consequences of its use also evoke involuntary associations. ‘…This makes the bodies of the dead unidentifiable.… The survivors lose their nails and hair, and
their food becomes unfit for eating. For several subsequent years the Sun, the stars and the sky remain shrouded with clouds and bad weather’. This weapon was known as the Weapon of Brahma or the Flame of Indra……”

Who invented plastic surgery? 

The Indians. It is fully described by Maharshi Susruta, the ancient Ayurvedic surgeon, in his Samhita. 

Who invented acupuncture? 
The Indians.

 Who invented the martial arts?
The Indians.

Who invented the remote sensing and imaging techniques?
The Indians. 

Who discovered Advanced Astrology? 
The Indians. 

Who discovered Advanced Astronomy? 
The Indians

Who discovered Groundwater Hydrology?
 The Indians. 

We can read Brihat Samhita of Varaha Mihira; the Indian method is better than the modern techniques of using space satellites.

Who were the first to construct planned cities with high technology
infrastructures for water supply and sewerage? 
TheIndians. 

Who invented the hanging bridges? 


The Indians.
Chinese who visited India a few thousands of years ago wrote about our hanging bridges which used steel beams and steel ropes. 
Who discovered higher philosophy? The Indians.
Were there Doora Sravana and Doora Darsana machines in ancient India? Yes. 
Did our ancients knew radars and laser weapons? Yes, the techology 
was given in the Sanskrit manuscript Samarangana Sutra Dhara.

Who discovered Irrigation Engineering? 

Another name for India was Yilaa Varta. The hidden meaning of this name is Jala Maaruta, the country of water laden winds. No other country in the world has monsoons. The rainfall in India is more than the total rainfall in the rest of the world. India is the land of mighty rivers – and that in a very large number that out number all other countrie. In the olden days, the water flow rate in the Ganga exceeded that of any other river in the world.The people of South India built and maintained an extensive system of irrigation tanks and associated canals with extraordinary managerial and social skills.They shared the waters following the ways of nature from time immemorial. Construction of small dams at every possible location was carried out with completeness It was a marvel of Indian engineering and human cooperation. Nothing like it existed else where in the world at any time in the past. While peasants of other countries broke their backs to reap one harvest, the Indians produced two or three bumper crops a year. The harvest in the Krishna and Kauvery river basins was large enough to meet the needs of rest of our country during periods of crisis.Visitors from Europe and China in pre-Christian times wrote that India was a land of plenty. Our Buddhist and Jain religious records also say the same thing.

Who were the first to postulate the infinity of the universe and the plurality of inhabited worlds like the earth? 


The Indians. 
The Vishnu Purana says that the earth is merely one of thousands of millions of inhabited worlds like itself to be found in the
universe.

How are the next generation computers are going to be designed? 

We have a dual-core Pentium processor which is replacing the old one. But, the development will not be faster that way, because they still use electron currents. We all know that light travels faster than
electron current. When they use laser flows instead of electron flow using Raman Effect discovered by Sir C.V.Raman, Nobel Laureate, the next big revolution in making computers will take place. Some researchers in U.S.A. are already working in this line. 
The next drawback in a computer is that the Numeric Co-Processor
in the C.P.U. works according to arithmetic logic. We know that the result of multiplying an eight digit number with another eight digit number cannot be obtained in one step. 
But ancient India knows a very unique method which gives this answer in one step – theVedic mathematics. If the Numeric Co-Processor was to be designed using Vedic mathematics, each personal computer will work like a super computer even with the
present day computer hardware.


To know more about INDIAN invention
Click Here http://svsvinscience.blogspot.in/
To know more about astronomy 
click here http://indiasgifttoworld.blogspot.in/
To know more about medical sciences
click here http://indiamedicalscience.blogspot.in/
To know more about India's contribution to mathemathics
click HERE http://qwertyuioplkjhgfdsaz.blogspot.in/
for sciencitific advances in India
CLICK HERE http://scienceas.blogspot.in/
FOR CHRONOLOGY IN ANCIENT INDIA CLICK ON
http://anicienttech.blogspot.in       
FOR MESSAGES OF SAINTS CLICK ON
http://messageofpeacebysaintsandphilospher.blogspot.com


THE INDIAN PLANTS ARE SACRED AS WELL AS AN IMPORTANT PART OF MEDICAL SCIENCE.FOR HAVING A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THIS ,CLICK ON THE MOVIE







FROM VEDAS TO DAYANAND ANGLOVEDIC MISSION,OUR SCHOOL MAINTAIN THE CENTURIES LONG TRADITION. IN OUR SCHOOL SCIENCE HAS BEEN TAUGHT WITH A MEANINGFUL ATTITUDE. FROM VII STANDARD ONWARD STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO MAKE PROJECTS, PERFORMING EXPERIMENTS AND FRAMING INNOVATIVE IDEAS. HAVE A LOOK AT THE STUDENTS AND TEACHERS PERFORMANCE


























 

   


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the source of informations are
wikipaedias
google search for indian sciences
www.indian sciencests.in
our own research

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